Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 44

Marketing - Essay ExampleA research conducted by the City analysts has predicted that Sainsburys is believably to register a decline in its grocery gross revenue by 2.5% for the preceding three months. This is with the elimination of fuel. This is going to be a big setback for Salisburys given that it has, for the last decade, registered plainly an increase in the sale of its groceries. Salisburys used to record all these profits until the consumers in the U.K changed their shopping habits. This was also due to the emergence of Aldi and Lidl which are discount arrange. It is also noted that the prices of food decline in quality considerably. With these changes in the grocery stores, the big four supermarket chains in the U.K, Salisburys Tesco, Asda and Morrisons, have lost their market share was almost a fifth in the previous two months. Despite the fall in the market share, Morrisons is however indicated by the latest Kantar sales figures to be growing. This is unlike the othe r three chains of supermarkets. James Anstead, who is an analyst at Barclays, has predicted that predicted that the sales in like-for-like products for Salisburys are likely to spew by 25%. This is due to the coming on board of the discount chains which have offered broad competition to the supermarkets.It is indicated also that the brand of Aldi is more worth than that of Tesco. Tesco having reported a similar decline as Salisburys, it therefore means that the brand of Aldi is also more worth than that of Salisbury. It is predicted that in the next quintuple twelvemonths, the sales for the supermarkets are going to drop as the discounters and online shopping double their sales. The increase in sales for online shopping and the discounters is estimated at 92.9% and 82.2% respectively. This is unlike the supermarkets whose sales are expected to drop by 2.9% until the end of the year 2020. The increase in the

Marine management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marine management - Essay exemplarIssues such as reduced productivity and heightened risks to injury in the work environment can on the whole result from the aforementioned issues, dealing with them and preventing the engagement of employees to them is imperative.The rate at which companies lose money done unmeasured health benefits to stressful and fatigued staff is alarming. Healthy employees need less health benefits and are genuinely productive. Managers and heads of companies alike need to figure out how to curb this menace. Work related injuries are on the accession and are always recorded high when most workers work overtime and have less shiver to reduce the fatigue or engage in activities that can reduce the levels of stress. My company, as this paper discusses below, has already developed countermeasures to the above problems. The changes we have realized can not only be told through the fulfillment of all participants in the company but also through the profits we have accrued in the recent past.There are several causes of both fatigue and stress as listed below. Fatigue itself is caused by extended periods of physical or even mental exertion with less time to recover through rest. Normally, a certain level of fatigue is normal, however, when the levels are too high, there can only be too much disadvantages. These levels of fatigue can be as a result of the following noble levels of fatigue and stress normally leads to reduced productivity. This is generally the biggest problem with the two. Also, since stress and fatigue may queer a persons sense, including that of danger, employees run risks of accidents and injuries in the work environment.Studies show that staying awake for over 17 hours has as much negative effects on the overall effect of an individuals performance as having about 0.05% alcohol subject area in blood. An extra four hours doubles the alcohol content figure to 0.1% (Williamson et al. 320).It is crucial to point out that both employees and

Digital Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital Marketing - Coursework ExampleIn email digital marketing, the organization in distrust reaches expose to the target market through email communication which are meant to provide particulars of the product and the benefits to the consumers. In video marketing such as YouTube, a video description of the product just deal in traditional marketing is uploaded for the entire online users. Social media marketing involves the use of Facebook, twitter and LinkedIn to reach out to the digital population and introduce the products to them. LinkedIn acts as a professional networking site that not only provides an chance for employer and employee to interact but also to the buyers and sellers.Search engine optimization is a marketing approach follow by organizations with online presence to improve their rating within different search engines. Properly optimized sites are exceedingly visible in the internet and this makes it easy for visitors to access such sites and acquire the in formation intended by the organization (Changhyun 265). A site that is ranked highly based on the search engine results is oftentimes visited and this influenced by the level of the contents in the site and the stream of visitors.With the development of internet marketing, the adoption of SEO as a technique has allowed marketers to act based on the behavior of internet users and designing their information in line with such behaviors. As a result, the keywords that are regularly typed into the search engines by internet users are optimized in the information presented on the website and this increases the rating of the same (Panda 60).Different approaches exist that have been adopted for the dish of optimizing websites and this influences the success of the site and the frequency of the visitors. For example, most SEO professionals edit the content of the website by adding keyword and catchy phrases that are often searched by internet users. Other sites can

Best Practices Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best Practices Position Paper - Essay poserThe way organizational culture changes in the wake of the adoption of the shell practices is one significant formulation that comes under serious reckoning. It raises eyebrows since the company has an automatic shift indoors its work methodologies and it wants to emulate the better(p) amongst the business. This parody is not for the sake of copying workflow by workflow but to attain higher levels within the guidance regimes when the talk goes out loud regarding the organizational cultural domains. This means that the way employees dress up, do their chores and interact with the clients and customers is in direct proportion with the ways the best practices have been doing for a considerable check of time. (Taylor & Labarre, 2006) Also there is a great deal of check and balance mechanism being conducted so that the mistakes could be avoided and if the same are committed in essence, efforts are made to re-do them in the correct way. The best practices lead to the benchmarks that already exist within the related industries and are indeed deemed as the very best amongst their interested areas of service.It is necessary for the best practice human resource management to have performance management clays in place before any advancement could be envisaged at some foreshadow in time within the future. Once these performance management systems are installed and in place, we can have a proper check and balance mechanism as concerns to the people who are working in the company. surgical process management systems make use of the fact that performance is increased on the part of all concerned and there is no shortfall as concerns to commitment, dedication and devotion when at work. What this performance management system does is to ensure that the right people get the bonuses, incentives and so on as well as point out the ones who have fallen short on the companys expectations over a period of time of time. This would h elp in giving them rewards and incentives which will

The Positive Impact Of Online Social Networking In The Conflict Case Study

The Positive shock absorber Of Online Social Networking In The Conflict - Case Study ExampleOnline social networking is of immense vantage to individuals, for example, by easing communication however, the same does carry along its fair sh ar of demerits, such as be a productive platform for protestors to incite others.It is noteworthy that online social networks are easily accessible to individuals as long as cardinal has an Internet connection. Within these remarkable online platforms, individuals are able to send messages to for each one other, comment on each others activities and converse among themselves. Subsequently, if conflicts sprout, slew within the online social networks are able to discuss more on the rows. Consequently, if there are any inciters among the users of the online platforms, they may take advantage and talk others into resulting in violence, maybe to act against the conflicts. Inciters can convince people to turn to violence in order to seek a resolution to a matter at hand by victimisation impeccably articulated sly moves within the online social networks. During the recent conflicts, which erupted in Tunisia, the government censored miscellaneous online routes of communication as a way of minimizing the conflicts. However, some of the online social networks were almost impossible to block. In turn, people within Tunisia were able to attain enough information to build up more emotions that caused them to continue with the baseless protests.According to an analysis presented by Sami Ben Gharbia, a Tunisian blogger, a lot of content that fuelled the protests had its origin from one of the leading online network sites in the world, the Facebook (Ghannam 16). Although the government in Tunisia put effort to curb communication and manduction of protest-related information via online social networks, it is a crystal that the main problem was the uncontrollable conveying of information.

Fina 307 assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fina 307 assignment 2 - Essay ExampleThese hold out many string of credit, banking and investment products and go to customers. The clients have been empowered to have access to a prerogative network that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. Consumer Real Estate Services on the other hand provides real landed estate products to its customers.Consumer Real Estate Services products include fixed and adjustable mortgage services for loans and residential acquisition. The worldwide Banking services are intended to provide a range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients, and underwriting and advisory services through the Corporations network of offices and client relationship teams along with various product partners.Global Bankings lending products and services include commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, real estate lending, asset-based lending a nd direct/indirect consumer loans. Global Markets offers sales and trading services, including research, to institutional clients across fixed income, credit, currency, and commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product insurance coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. Global Markets provides market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. The global wealth and investment management allows for the provide of a complete wealth management solutions to many of its customers. These services include investment and brokerage services, estate and financial planning, fiduciary portfolio management, cash and liability management, and specialty asset management.The study carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of returns of shares of a bank of America

Record Keeping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Record Keeping - Essay Examplewhitethorn require the students to display a number of skills that may include but are not extra to the skills of understanding and learning the lessons operating upon the customers like cutting their hair, fixing their eyebrows, and plucking excess hair off the eyebrow and also their knowledge and expertise in such functional skills as English, Math, and ICT.When the eternalizes of estimate of students of a health and yel littleish pink course needs to be kept, the t for apiece oneer should maintain the records of their assignments, tests, quizzes, projects, viva, and exams. When the records of assessment of workers of a health and beauty salon are to be maintained by the salon owner, the records of the workers attendance workers record of sick leave, emergency leaves, and other leaves and customer reviews for and against the worker need to be maintained. All of these records need to be maintained in order to keep track of the progress and qualit y of work of each worker. Also, the salaries of the private workers are established based on a variety of factors including these.The teacher needs to maintain these records of assessment in order to distinguish between students that are exceptional from the average students and also from the students that are low achievers in the class. Teachers make judgments about student progress based on information gathered by dint of a variety of assessment strategies (k12.gov.sk.ca, n.d.). Maintaining these records is essential in order to keep the students motivated to work unstated and invest time, effort, and resources in gaining the knowledge and developing the skills. The teacher needs these records of assessment because in the final result, each of these factors including assignments, tests, quizzes, viva, and exams are graded according to a certain percentage. The final result reflects the students achievement in each of these areas rather than just the final exam. Likewise, an emp loyer of a health and beauty salon needs to maintain

ESPANOL PARA NEGOCIOS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ESPANOL PARA NEGOCIOS - Essay ExampleEl Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio fue creado inmate el objetivo de eliminar barreras que afecten el comercio. El nmero de pases fue crecido hasta llegar a noventa y seis. Muchos pases de las Amricas fueron miembros. Este tratado termin y empez en su lugar la Organizacin Mundial de Comercio (OMC) en 1995.Han sido otros tratados entre los pases de Amrica Latina. El Mercado Comn del Sur (MERCOSUR) fue creado en 1991 entre Argentina, brazil nut, Uruguay y Paraguay. El tratado de Asuncin tiene por objetivo promover el movimiento de bienes, personas y capital. A partir del 4 de julio de 2006 Venezuela se ali con los otros pases. Ya Bolivia, Chile, Per, Colombia y Ecuador son estados miembros asociados.El Mercado Comn del Sur ha causado muchos beneficios a los pases participantes. Desde 1990 se aumenta mucho el comercio de los pases. Tienen la oportunidad de producir la diversificacin en los productos y las relaciones comerciales. En aos pas ados cuando, por ejemplo, Brasil tena relaciones comerciales con la Unin Europea no tena la obligacin de importar bienes y servicios con los pases sudamericanos. Aparte de las razones economas el mercado tambin tiene beneficios sociales. Permite la integracin de expresiones artsticas y comparten actividades culturales e histricas.Uno de los desafos del Mercado Comn del Sur es el nivel de los avances en el rea cientfico y tecnolgico. Tambin el sistema de productividad es diferente en cada pas como los servicios y la infraestructura. Se presenta una fluctuacin entre las industrias diferentes. No hay mucha seguridad entre las zonas fronterizas. Los pases tienen que tomar medidas para reducir la ocurrencia de contrabandos.La Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN) estaba formada por Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Per y Venezuela en 1997. Este acuerdo se inici cuando se watertight el Pacto Andino en 1969.

Finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance - Term make-up ExampleThis would be addressed as workers retire and personal investment accounts replace Social Security. The surmount solution to this is a substantial personal account option and not only Social Security.2. break a peril management proposal for a fictitious potential client. Using that same proposal, join on your offering to this client. Elaborate about a proposed health insurance plan, pension plan alternatives etc. If fascinate for your fictitious client, include a section regarding alternative risk transfer techniques and bond offerings.An important front in recent years has been the increased used of derivatives. A derivative is any of your financial assets whose treasure is derived from the value of some other underlying asset. These derivatives can be used either to reduce risks or as a speculative investment also. In theory, the use of these derivatives should allow one to manage risk better.There atomic number 18 also premiums that can be a dded to lessen ones burden of risks. This includes the flash premium to discipline for the expected loss of purchasing power, the default risk premium just in case there will be default in the borrower and the maturity risk premium compensate for the interest rate risk.Judgment Rating is used when potential losses are difficult to quantify. In this case, statistics is not a reliable source to determine possible losses. In judgment rating, the underwriter must(prenominal) use his experience and intuition to individually evaluate each potential client. A good voice of this includes ocean marine insurance.Class Rating is used when losses are quantifiable or statistics are reliable. Here, there is a manual rating where it is classified into brackets which makes it easy to determine pricing in insurance proposals that are offered to customers. It is the established people of parallel situations and the great number of available statistics which permits for the

Government impact on the Cherokee nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

governing body impact on the Cherokee nation - Essay ExampleThe federal official government of the United States has always followed policies towards the Cherokee that were in the governments best interest, occasionally supporting the group but more often oppressing them, whereas local anesthetic governments were almost universally fought against the Cherokee acres and allowed their slaughter. John Ehle in his Trail of Tears The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation describes the contact between the Cherokee, other native tribes, the United States government and other European groups from the substance of the 18th century through the nineteenth century. He occasions a narrative approach, attempting to connect the reader to the text by bringing out the character of historical people. In this way it reads half way between a historical fiction and a work of non-fiction, with elements of detail that would be possible to glean from historical documents such as a particular person hav ing soft vibrissa, instead of the Idians more coarse, straight hair1 followed immediately by factual and historical information about the languages and dialects spoken by the Cherokee people.2 It tries to conceive a balanced approach, spending as much time as possible focusing on both the Cherokee and American points of view, but occasionally indulges in elements of stereotyping, depicting all Cherokee men as tall, dashing warriors or mystical shamans, for instance, removing a lot of the humanity that would connect the reader to the subjects of the book. This book makes excellent use of primary sources, providing long in text quotations for important documents and events, ranging from presidential proclamations to journal entries of people involved in those events. It also does an excellent job weaving historical information and information about Cherokee culture and exert throughout its narrative structure, both entertaining and informing in equal measure. Ehle also uses endnot es to add provided historical explanation and outline sources of information a full bibliography provides excellent material for further denotation as well as understanding which elements of Ehles work are complete historical facts and which provoke been elaborated upon by the author. The relationship between the United States Federal government and the Cherokee nations shifted drastically between the 1776 and the middle of the nineteenth century, usually depending on the way the Cherokee could be useful or exploited by the government. As Ehle points out, members of the early federal government fully intended to honor both Cherokee land claims and any treaties that the Cherokees do with the government.3 In cases where white Americans violated the rights of Cherokee people, the federal government responded forcefully in one case in 1792, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson signed a presidential proclamation offering a reward of pentad hundred dollars for the apprehension of a group of white Americans who invaded, burned and destroyed a town belong to the Cherokee Nation.4 When these measures proved less than completely successful, military officers were eventually used to apprehend people who had attacked a Cherokee group at a peace conference (along with the Federal government staff staying with them).5 Clearly, the US federal government once had the role of defending the Cherokees against the governments own people and settlers, interacted with the Cherokee natio

American Apparel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

American Apparel - Research Paper ExampleAmerican ApparelMajor companies, including American Apparel, have come up to rely on the sex concept in selling their products to the American public, particularly the youth. By incorporating charged sexual images, their ads, are able to attract young women and men. The callers chief executive contends that American Apparels goal has always been to create a heritage grime for the American public, especially the American pursuit for happiness, property, and liberty. They have been lauded for their ads realism since most of their ad subjects are portrayed with their asymmetrical features, imperfections, and blemishes that are attached and highlighted with personal and brief descriptions about them (Welters & Lillethun 65). American Apparel, in addition, rather than source their model recruitment, recruits its own ad models from the organizations stores, on the street, or from photos sent directly to the companys headquarters via the websi te. At some point in the past, American Apparel sought to heed a strategy that dwelt on how the company treated its workers in order to sell the company brand and merchandise, promoting its products as being free of sweatshop activities. The company has also engaged in politically-charged advertisements, such as their anti-immigration laws tend that referred to current laws as an American variation of apartheid alongside their company logo in 2008 (Welters & Lillethun 66).

Cyber-bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cyber- ballyrag - seek Paper ExampleThis is in addition done through text messages and emails which be forwarded throughout the social circuit. some other form of cyber bullying is sexting which is getting popular with the increase in use of mobiles phones that absorb imbedded cameras in them. largely this is common with girlfriends sending pictures to their boyfriends via multimedia messages. But what these teenage girls do not realize is that there are legal implications to this. After break ups these boyfriends can use these pictures to blackmail or embarrass the sender. Cyber bullying is a psychological disturbing form of social cruelty among young people (Jaishankar 2011). Cyber bullying is increasing at a high rate with the increase in the use of technology like cell phones and computers. The ways in which bullying can take place are also increasing because young children who have access to technology invent various ways to harass other young children. Social networking sites also give a forum to these cyber bullies as it is a safe medium through which they can good commit the crime of cyber bullying without the fear of creation caught by the other person. In spite of altogether this social networking websites cannot be held accountable for any kind of hate speech that is posted on their websites. Cyber bullying has increased the number of suicides committed by teenage boys and girls. Some of these youngsters cannot take in the embarrassments and agonys they are being subjected to and hence fall prey to this act. The mention of cyber bullying now brings about a debate of how strongly governments should act against cyber bullying and whether new acts of rightfulnesss be implemented against it or not as most of the culprits snarly are juvenile. Many states in America have already implemented laws against cyber bullying. The state of Missouri had no made against the crime of cyber bullying until the suicide of a 13 year old girl Megan Meier in 2006. It was then that the state realized that it cannot persecute the culprit because cyber bullying was not against the law at that time. It was after this incident that Missouri legislature and governor passed a new law that cyber bullying is unlawful harassment by electronic means of communication. This new law also requires the schools and colleges to make a written insurance to report any such harassment, which includes not only cyber bullying but other kinds of felonies as swell up like stalking, to the local police. Now this crime is a class A misdemeanor. According to this new law the act of cyber bullying remains a class A misdemeanor unless 1) committed by a person twenty-one eld of age or older against a person seventeen years of age or younger or 2) the person has previously committed the crime of harassment ( network law-Missouri Governor signs cyber-bullying bill into law. Web. 2008). After the case of Megan Meier, Missouri was not the only state that took this dow nstairs consideration and made new laws in order to prevent people from getting harassed in this way. Under this law the offender is penalized if he or she is caught harassing or recklessly frightening an underage. Cyber bullying is a crime which is generally committed by young people mostly teenagers, and are committed against teenagers as well. The under eighteen children come under the juvenile category so are tried much leniently then the adults. The laws for juvenile offenders are much

Reasons behind Organisations Seeking Control on Its Various Essay - 1

Reasons behind Organisations seek Control on Its Various Operational Dimensions - Essay ExampleAccording to the research findings, the organizations have act to render greater interests in order to control their internal business activities and obtain advantageous war-ridden benefits identified in the external environment of the business. Moreover, it dirty dog be observed that the modern business organizations ar highly focused on evaluating a range of useful mechanistic processes in order to arouse their power of controlling and obtaining greater competitive advantages in the global market.In order to obtain a exact understanding of the current day scenario, the various aspects associated with the accomplishment of the organizational goal, i.e. to seek control in opposite situations, will be evaluated. Additionally, to provide the discussion with firm evidence, the illustration of Marks & Spencer plc (M&S) strategies will be taken into account. According to Jensen, human conversation is recognized as a transmission method, through which the conversation conveys wiz location to another and is possible only when the messages are transferred from a mechanistic perspective. It is in this context that analysts who scoop out mechanistic perspective believe that the concepts of communications are causally associated. Specifically, the mechanistic perspective in the communication process involves a linear relationship between the communicator and the channels through which the message is delivered. Moreover, Sorokin has also mentioned that a mechanistic perspective model possesses the capacity of understanding any complex system through the investigation of its particular characteristics as well as the interrelation persisting between the variables. The model is usually interconnected with physical aspects where the system elements are identified as real and visible. With reference to the notion of mechanistic models, it can be observed as based on eleme nts which are incorporated in a decided manner that cannot be physically observed.

Impact of Cultural Dimensions on Worldviews Essay

Impact of Cultural Dimensions on Worldviews - Essay ExampleFor example, its common for men to be regarded as stronger than women. This is based on the average figures but not necessarily true when it comes to individual basis. From these characteristics of the variant patterns, there are gender roles and citizenry doing them may feel the assigning is based on a particular associated trait or observation. Similarly, various family structures are patterns in the social world. From these patterns, ideas emerge in copulation to the upbringing of the people of these patterns and how it is probable to affect them or position them. The different family structures present an element of equation into what differentiates people from those family structures. For instance, different family structures emphasize responsibility with carrying strictness. The issue of children out of wedlock emerges on a largish scale if for a particular group, responsibility is not emphasized.The manner of sol ving goals or achieving for people with different ideas and experiences is a sensitive issue. Schwalbe (2005) asserts that persons with different ideas and experiences are likely to make incomplete and selective judgment rough others in a different pattern. This is where we see racism at its peak and police brutality towards authorized groups that have been stereotyped. Reaching a point of compromise is hard as members of a pattern heavily cling to what they practice as the right course. This seems to be a typical scenario affecting the social world. These people need sociological mindfulness to handle the problems between them as well as achieve goals (Schwalbe,

Ethics and Business Corruption. Siemens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics and Business Corruption. south - Essay ExampleIn this incident, Nick Lesson lost over $1.3 jillion through engaging in speculative investments targeting future contracts while operating in the banks office in Singapore. The variant business ethics theories will be evaluated with a reflection of these two s foundationdals to evaluate to what extent the malpractices fag end be related to the theories. These include the theories of Utilitarianism, Kohlbergs possible action of moral development, Shareholder prize theory VS stakeholder theory and egoism among different(a) theories (Slater, 2008). The wrong behavior in the randomness saga with the Greece disposal involved advanced levels of depravity and bribery affecting both the two parties. Siemens advanced bribes of over $100 million to the government officials in order to be awarded the contracts in the short run and secure a chance to control the countrys electronic market. Virtues and ethical reasoning places a lo t of devotion on a persons individual character to chose the best way of performing a task in a way devoid of ethical issues. Utilitarian ethical theory compares the greet benefits ratio of a given management decision with the benefits that can be derived from such with little or no cost impacts (Matussek, 2008). This theory however does not comprehensively evaluate the situation within Siemens as it considers the gains of the decision. Any actions made by the management of the company thus affect the ethical set of the people and erodes the public confidence in it. The managers value according to this theory serves as model to other employees of the organization (Dietz and Nicole, 2012). The actions taken by a single individual can also be analysed development the utilitarianism theory to help weigh whether the consequences can be bad or good. Such an angle can be used to critically evaluate the events of baring bank and how the actions of Leeson led to the death and closure of bingle of Londons best merchant banks. The actions of Leeson can be considered as foreclosure as he preempted the value of contracts and invested in them hoping to raise more benefits from such an action (Mitchell, 2000). Leesons actions when considered in isolation can be shown as an example of utilitarian as foreclosure in this situation caused more damage and pain as compared to foreclosing. Foreclosing can however be considered as the ethical behavior of banks as they rely on this to bring in money to customers and make gains from the refunds. The action of Leeson provided less affable good to the business and the stakeholders and is thus considered as unethical based on utilitarian theory (Slater, 2008). The main source of unethical allegations that were levied against Siemens stemmed from pretermit of proper knowledge of international ethical code of conduct. Most of these claims involved Russia and Siemens German, reflecting the different social backgrounds of the two co untries as highlighted in the utilitarianism theory. Bribery is considered highly unethical because it does not provide equal opportunities for other players in the industry. This applies to the German culture, a situation which cannot be reflected in Russia (Becker, 2009). This bribery case was handled by the securities and shift commission of the United States in 2007 due to a scheme in which a $1 billion government contract in Argentina was cancelled due to the cases of bribery. This case was also blamed on the

Religious Cult Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Religious Cult - Case take apart ExampleIn order to better identify Heavens Gate with the spick-and-span religious presence, essentially a cult, in general terms as well as the unexpected consequences of its termination in specific, a sociological analysis is essential. This paper aims at illustrating the history of Heavens Gate movement along with their belief dodging in particular in reference with the methods of organization by applying theories and models of new religious movements and a small analysis of the impact on wider society and culture as a whole.During 1972, the onset of the Heavens Gate movement began when Marshall Herff Applewhite congregated with Bonnie Lu Trousdale Nettles, a nurse working in the hospital and an active ingredient of . The belief system had been structured by these two individuals consisting of several unusual elements such as alien, new age movements, higher(prenominal) plane of consciousness, Christianity, theosophy as well as popular cultura l myths and legends. Heavens Gate as well as referred to as Human Individual Metamorphosis (HIM), was actually a millenarian movement, integrating the ideologies behind the traditional biblical analogy in association with the conception of space travel and reality from additional symmetry whatsoever. The cult groups belief system essentially transformed through several manifestations during two decades of their subsistence. As the sequence passed by, the groups belief system had been matured with the belief that the leaders Applewhite and Nettles, later also known as Bo and chirp or Do and Ti, had been sent into The Human Level from The Next Level in order to lift and direct fellow individuals in their journey for being united with higher evolutionary existence. The leaders believed in the metaphorical ideas taken from metaphysics and UFO subcultures that the extraterrestrials provided the human beings another chance to move forward to the plane of higher consciousness - the id eology in essence was amalgamated the Christian significance of sin and liberation in combination with the components taken from Eastern religious philosophy primarily foc utilize on the termination of the bike of death and reincarnation. However, the heavenly monarchy that Applewhite and Nettle used to describe was not only spiritual but it had oral base as well. They used to preach that the journey towards higher plane would be conducted by using a spacecraft. The term Human Individual Metamorphosis (HIM) was coined to make individuals or essentially followers to examine about the bodily metamorphosis, a literal transformation of a beings physiological existence, resembling to the life-cycle of a caterpillar to play through the method of self-discipline. To identify their gradual process of revelation to higher dimension, various folk wisdoms depending on the regular and usual physiological changes had been employed in order to build the confidence in between. Examples whiteth orn include the explanation of headaches as the proof for explosion of consciousness or menstrual cycle as the active working of androgyny. Moreover, the ideology of the group asserted that all human beings possess the ability to legislate to the higher state of consciousness in order to become graduated to the Next Level which was

Industrial revoloution Essay Example for Free

Industrial revoloution EssayHow bad were the living conditions for the distressing in the newly industrialised towns and cities of the 1840sIn the 1840s, there was a lot of pollution, and there was little convention of what was put into the river or the air.The houses for 1840s workers were built very poorly. They were usually made by the factory owners at stripped cost. They were made either one brick, or half a brick thick, and only consisted of one room. There were no indoor lavatories, therefore the workers were left with only two ways to go to the rump. The first way was to whirl up the road and use the toilets at either end of the blocks. Once there they would deposit their trunk waste into the cess family via a wooden bench. Flies lived on the walls of the cess pool. They were nourished by the molecules of excretion in the air. There toilets would be shared by as many as 160 people, sometimes more. The cess pool would empty itself into the river, but sometimes mark et gardeners who would go down into the cess pit to use the filth deep down as fertiliser for their garden. Occasionally, young children would drop into the cess pit, never to be seen again.The second way of going to the toilet was to simply do it out of a window. The body waste which was left on the streets was called iniquity mud. sometimes when it rained, the night mud would slip underneath your door and end up in your house. Sometimes the night mud would be placed in your house on purpose by people cosmos malicious.People did not have the type of water supply we have today. They did not have fast running water in their houses, instead they had to collect their water from standpipes in the street. These standpipes had clean water which could be pumped out, as it wasnt safe to drink from the river, but water only came to a street, via these standpipes, every different day. Yet, there were also water seller who would sell bottles of supposedly, clean water, although no one eve r launch out where the water came from.People in the 1840s were afraid to leave their houses for an extended periodof time. The reason for this is that as soon as you leave you house for over a day, it would be used as a toilet. This meant that people who got new jobs in factories would have to clean out there new houses of all of the take away left there by their fellow workers.In the 1840s, living conditions were much worse than nowadays, due to the neediness of both appropriate sanitary provisions and constant running water, but people of 1840s would have ready those conditions normal. What we think of as clean would have probably been considered impossible in those days.

What Are You Made of, the Role of Faith in Social Identity Essay Example for Free

What Are You Made of, the Role of conviction in Social Identity EssayWhat argon you made of? This is truly a difficult move to answer if virtuoso would re exclusivelyy take the time to ponder it. How would you arrive at the conclusion of describing who you are and the things you recall in? What are the things that made you as an individual? Inevitably, in that location will be several(prenominal) social, spiritual, and political issues that one may mother to battle with to arrive at a sound conclusion. vitality is complex and that is a certain fact. The complexity life offers for various people with polar political affiliations, religious views, and socioeconomic status may be one arena of conflict.How will these differences be reconciled by the government who must develop national consciousness among its citizens? How will the Philippines become united amidst of these cultural differences? It is similarly the same question for the people, are they willing to comprom ise their determine and beliefs for the unity of the country? These are questions which have no certain answers. For years now, there have been efforts made by the government and pedagogicsal institutions that are geared towards resolving this conflict.However, it will take time before the country would experience such desired changes. The Philippines is a largely diverse country. Not only is the country multicultural, it is in any case multilingual. This situation makes it all the much difficult for the upbringingal frame to cater to the different needs of each sector. On the national level, the incision of Education has issued memorandums pertaining to generic programs addressing these issues. However, the lack of material resources and the lack of interest from stakeholders are the factors responsible for hampering envisioned improvements. man on the federation level, there are as well initiatives from the teachers themselves who make their own changes and adaptations d epending on the needs of their students. By the age of four, roughly Philippine children go to school to study. They learn about their own individualism and the roles as expected from their soulfulnessal identity, their being Filipino and duties of citizenship, the community they live in, and certain cultural beliefs and determine. All these form the trigger of their beliefs about their identity and the country at large. This indoctrination goes on until college.From here we can see that the life of one student is virtually fashioned inside the school. Thus, the school can be said to be a breeding ground where various social identities are shaped. And so the question now is, How will schools posture Filipino identity? and at the same time reconcile it with other social identities such as ethnicity and religion without marginalizing cultural or religious beliefs. This put to work of molding holds much splendor for educators because I recall that one of the most significan t functions of Philippine program line is to inculcate Filipino identity and nationalist consciousness.As a teacher, I believe that a persons religion bears so much importance in how that person thinks and behaves in the social context. It serves as the guiding light or reference signify as to which decisions regarding experiences are based. Seeing that the Philippines has several religions, it becomes one social divider in the nation. Believers of certain religious belief have their own teachings that should be strictly adhered to regarding the political body and cultural beliefs and practices that may sometimes cooccur with the rules of the state.For instance, believers of Jehovahs Witnesses do non pledge the Panatang Makabayan because they believe that they should only place their faith or for that matter, state their allegiance in the god that they serve. Moreover, I believe that religion really matters for the majority of the Filipinos. And this is the outset of conflict s, discrimination, and prejudice between Christians and Non-Christians that are manifested in different areas such as the political and economic administration. The value certain groups of communities hold are important for them that they desire the next generation to also believe to these values.In addition, cultural practices are also passed on from generation to generation. This process is evident in the articles discussed in folk where indigenous peoples argue for a system of statement in which traditional noesis should be include and given more emphasis. More so, the lessons provided by the humankind education system are starkly different from indigenous cutledge systems and practices. This creates a conflict because the significant values and practices are non learned by the youth of the community. Hence, elders develop apprehension toward the public school system.Although they acknowledge the beneficial effects of having to go to school, what matters most for them is t he sustainable ripening of values and traditional cultural beliefs and practices of their ancestral community. This case is also similar with Islamic education. There is a problem for Muslims in Mindanao pertaining to the choice of schools for their children. For Muslims, spiritual growth in their childrens religious faith is a more important factor in choosing a school. However, Islam is not a motif offered in the public school system.As a conclusion, I think that the belief and value system is the most important factor in the formation of social identities. An individuals social identity is intimately tied to the religion he is a share of. This also becomes the primary basis for the upgrade development of his social identity. Because of these conflicts, educational institutions have been classified into sectarian and non-sectarian to cater to the different needs of their clients. Parents who are Catholics want their children to study in a Catholic school to ensure that their children would grow up with values they believe in.Furthermore, members of Iglesia Ni Cristo also do the same as well as members of the Christian community. This system is also the same for nationalities. Chinese parents prefer to enroll their children into Chinese schools. Muslim parents prefer to enroll their children to Madrasah. base on this observation, membership to certain groups or having to identify with a groups belief and values system becomes one important factor in parents decision regarding their childrens education.Thus, educational institutions become an element in the processes of indoctrination of certain beliefs and practices that may marginalize other religion and cultural practices. Inevitably, they also reproduce active social structures that up to the usher in time is unfair for many. Another problem with the present curriculum is its extrusion of local knowledge systems that bears much significance with the countrys indigenous peoples or with a ill-temp ered group. In my opinion, the curriculum had put too much emphasis on orbiculate literacy or retentiveness at par with international standards.There is nothing wrong with this proposition. The only problem is that local knowledge systems have been marginalized for a long time which should have been a part of the curriculum in the firstborn place. One goal of Philippine education is to mold the Filipino identity in its students. If this is the goal, then it also follows that local history and cultural beliefs and practices should be an important part of the curriculum beginning in the elementary. The present curriculum has the Makabayan subject (Sibika at Kultura and Heograpiya, Kasaysayan, Sibika) as one way of teaching studentsPhilippine culture and history. In spite of this, I think some of indigenous knowledge systems and practices are important so it should be included in the national curriculum. The inclusion would make students understand and appreciate more their being Fi lipino and would be exposed to various local histories and cultures. Hence, they would become appreciative of the diversity of Filipino cultures. I also think that the national curriculum is a colonial make-up of foreign education.The current system of education here in the Philippines especially the private schools are more inclined to producing students who are equipped with the skills unavoidable for globalization but are alien to their own country. Yes, academic and professional competence in the global village can be beneficial to the country in terms of economic advancement. However, the problem is that there is no balance between what Filipinos truly are as a race and what they need to know as part of a larger global community.As an observation, I think that students nowadays are not rooted in their own culture and history as Filipinos. Most often than not, the variant of students schools produce have a mentality of a foreigner. In school, they learn extensively of a compo nent part of things such as world histories, architecture, literature, famous scientists, etc. Although they study Philippine history and literature, what they learn is, again, the generics or the mainstream which can be discriminating against indigenous peoples and Muslims history and culture. And this is both a danger and challenge for Philippine society.The government does not want to produce generation of students who are not rooted in the Filipino culture. So they have to adapt to the needs of the different sectors present in Philippine society. For the country, an individuals rootedness in his own culture is much needed by the country because this is one way of inculcation nationalist consciousness. This can be done gradually through shaping of a Filipino identity beginning in the elementary grades. Moreover, this shaping process should be meaningfully linked to a persons religious belief and value system.Because of this, I believe that the end result would be better. When ed ucation can establish a meaningful bridge between Filipino identity and a communitys religion, more and more Muslims and indigenous peoples would develop a feel of being a Filipino finally a part of the collective imagining of the nation. In my opinion, the reason for the Muslims apprehension toward the public school system and the nation as a whole is that they do not feel the sense of belongingness because the Philippine government has not been responding to their needs and rights to education.Since Islam is a vital part of their lives and unfortunately, the public school system does not offer this as a subject, they prefer to enroll their children in Madrasah that do not develop Muslims national consciousness of being a Filipino. Therefore, students who finish from these schools grow up to be Muslims and not Filipino. Likewise, I believe that the national curriculum is not a generic or a one-size-fits-all process of education. The Department of Education and teachers as well can not just prescribe a general program of education to students who are socially differentiated with each other.If the Philippines want to envision the Filipino race as having a nationalist consciousness and wanting each and everyone to be part of the collective imagining of the nation, then it is better for the education sector to acknowledge different local languages, ethnic groups, indigenous knowledge system and practices, and religions. I believe that through this acknowledgement and inclusion, indigenous peoples and Muslims would gradually learn and love to be a part of this country.A persons social identity is so much affected by the socio-cultural milieu. As a teacher, I should be aware of my students background so I could help them in strengthening the development of their identity as Filipino, as a member of a religious community, and as a member of a group. All these contribute to the formation of a persons social identity and not one should be left out. Being to identify w ith a group and having a sense of belongingness all contribute to an individuals over-all well-being and the nations well-being too.

Physiological Ecology Essay Example for Free

physiologarithmic ecology EssayABSTRACT Mytilus edulis or the common mussels, very commonly found nearly the British Isles slideway, with round commercial beds in the Wash, Morecambe Bay, Conway bay the estuaries of south- west England, north Wales west Scotland belongs to the phylum Mollusca e.g. snails, slugs, mussels cockles saccharide class Pelecypoda e.g. clams, cockles, mussels, oysters scallops. The Mytilus is an extremely widely studies specie, mainly because of its widespread distribution, abundance, ecological commercial importance. It is to a fault use as a bio indicator. The objective of the study conducted was to find out the effects of internal internal respiration, water supply pumping activeness environmental stresses on the mussels ingathering.The environmental stress includes prolonged air exposure, dispirited salinity its action combine with elevated temperature. The main focus was regarding the age growth of the Mytilus. The mussels w ere challenged to a number of tests to determine their behaviour to participate their retort to different environments. The tests prove that Mytilus species that live in an uncontaminated atomic number 18a grow fleet than ones that live in polluted areas. This bunghole be deduced effectively by the research conducted along with the experiments. mental hospital Mytilus are usually present on the rocky shores of open coasts attached to the rock surfaces in crevices, on rocks piers in sheltered harbours estuaries, often occurring as dense masses in cooler wet of the world usually extending from the Arctic to the Mediterranean in the North east Atlantic. Two important constituents that tackle an important part in the growth life of Mytilus areTEMPERATURE it is a vital factor responsible for the growth limitation of mussels. Extreme low temperature causes damage in Mytilus but is minimised due(p) to nucleating agents in the haemo- lymph. The Mytilus is prone to perilous fre ezing conditions sporadically in regular(a) systemrate temperatures large adults bottom endure research laboratory conditions of -16 degree C. easily for 24 hours are capable of surviving eve if the tissue temperature falls below -10 degree C. In Sweden, mussels actively ingested seston at -10 degree C., suggesting that they can utilise spring phytoplankton blooms in boreal waters even at low temperatures. M.edulis can tolerate naughty temperature desiccation as nearly, for example the British M.edulis has an upper sustained thermal tolerance limit of around 29 degree C. (Mytilus edulis)SALINITY in contrast with other biogenic reef species, M.edulis can own a wide range of salinity. But it is noned that it stops the feeding process when heart-to-heart to low salinities. The M. edulis adapts well to low salinities as low as 4-5 %. Exposure to 16% salinity for a month resulted in decreased shell growth as much as 26% to 32%, darn in 22% exposure caused a minute drop in growth rate. When exposed to 13% the growth rate recovered from zero to more than 80% in 32% in a month.MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials Incubation tubes, incubator, cotton, knob, benzoic acid,All samples were divided into four groups. Two groups of prestine A and prestine B were compared with polluted A and polluted B.Pristine APristine BPolluted APolluted BCurves were force to compare Pristine A with Polluted A and Pristine B with Polluted B. With pitch of temperature change in mass was observed.Mytilus were cultured in flat trays measuring 20-40 cm. Two trays had old succession remaining two were for polluted growth. Affect of temperature change was observed in all the four trays with because change in mass. Mytilus was put over the trays to be cultured.Tests conducted in five different labs are being analyzed to prove that the Mytilus favor a pristine environment as compared to a polluted one.LAB 1 This particular lab deals with the energy content in a provender substrate or in animal tissue which is considered as the most important component for growth of any organism. The method used to determine the energy content of biological materials is the micro- bomb calorimetry method by using susceptible microelectrodes to assess the heat produced by igniting a pellet of dry tissue at heart a stainless steel bomb. The calibration is obtained through a chemical having fixed energy content the temperature change can be transformed into energy content for the tissue. In order to deal with a small sample, a micro- bomb calorimeter is used, filled with group O a small wire, that works like a light bulb filament is used to ignite the tissue Using the oxygen supplied by jet dichromate a strong oxidizing reagent, contained with concentrated sulfuric acid, the tissue is burnt chemically. The orange Cr is reduced to green Cr, time burning this change can be quantified using a spectrophotometer.LAB 5 By determining the effects of geometric constraints biological processes, the allometric isometric relationships of organism are studied. The lab deals with the examination of gill area, shell gaudiness foot weight scale with the size of it of mussels observing how the size of the mussel effects the different biological processes. The allometric scaling is explained by equations of the form Y= Ax B the A as a constant, B an exponent, X is mass Y is a biological process. allometric relationships are represented as curves on linear axes, but when plotted on log/log axes they become straight. The scaling exponent of the function is determined by the slope of the line.LAB 6 This labs research aims to calculate the following at ambient temperature using a meticulous modeThe respiration rate of one mussel from polluted areaThe respiration rate of one mussel from a pristine areacontrol respiration The materials employed in this test are a fiber heart oxygen electrode indicating vestiges on the quenching of light emissions from a Ruthenium compou nd due to oxygen presence, so as to calculate the flux of oxygen in due course.To measure the respiration rates, the mussels will be enclosed in individual restrained Respirometers, filled with seawater connected to an oxygen electrode located with a slow flow of water from a peristaltic pump, in a separate chamber. Set up the oxygen system to record data every minute for an hour. Place a cleaned mussel, attach the lid whelm the chamber. Place the electrode in the holder attach hoses to pump chamber, so that the water is flowing past them, play on the pump to slow. The data logging will go on for an hour start a mark for a downward slop in the recorded readings. Measure thevolume of chambers the water level in hoseslength of the mussel to estimate the tissue weightMussel volume to ascertain the exact volume of water in the chamber.LAB 7 The labs main concern was to calculate the protein content in mussel tissues, by using the Lowry chemical try out, which comprises of comb ining a dye reagent with soluble protein to produce coloration that is directly proportional to the amount of protein present. Protein is often used in physiological ecology as it plays a operational geomorphologic role by normalizing the data, through its direct association with functional components wi svelte the cells.Often in this experiment, the Bradford assay has been used since it is an alternate method for protein determination. Dilute copper color tartar- ate solution is added to the protein that forms a complex. To develop the coloration, the Folin reagent is added to the protein copper complex, within 15 minutes it results in a unappeasable color. This has a peak absorbance at 750nm can be quantified at this wavelength using a spectrophotometer. A calibration must be done with a known construction of known concentration of protein a graduated line constructed. The reagents in the assay when reacted with a series of known protein solution (0.2- 1.5 mg/ml) dissolved in a sodium oxide buffer to ask out buffer effects in the calibration. Prepare a series of clean 2ml snap cap tubes. The probable concentration series will be made by diluting the stock Bovine Serum albumen from concentrations stockxx/10x/2x/43x/4 Into the 1.7 ml soap cal tubes, transfer 25ul of the standards then add 125ul of reagent A. swirl warily. In each tube add 1.0 ml of reagent B vortex carefully. Leave for 15 minutes then measure the absorbance against 750nm distilled water. Plot the protein content along the X axis the absorption along the Y axis to obtain the calibration line. The calculation of the calibrated line can be done to estimate the protein content X from an unknown absorption Y in the form Y= A BXLAB 9 This lab research is to study the functional attributes of living enzymes, employing a quantitative approach to their measurement. By using a simple spectrophotometric assay to limit the enzyme citrate synthase in two populations of Mytilus, any possible consequences of this variation will be identified by its functional value. The enzyme Citrate Synthase limits the rate mediating the transfer of pyruvate into the TCA cycle as citric acid. The process determinesQuantification of CS body processQuantification of the protein content to allow the CS content to be normalized.The extraction of the living tissue in a way that the enzymes remain operative is the base, on which the reaction is dependant on. The DTNB is reduced by the CoASH which is a stiochiometric by product of the reaction. The DTNB changes color, as is reduced with a peak absorbance of 412um. The procedure relies on the extraction of the CS in a cold buffer. A small portion is diluted with an Acetyl-CoA solution, the reaction begins when the Oxalo- acetate solution is added, as a result the color changes which can be monitored in a spectrophotometer.RESULTS Results clearly show that genus Mytilus grow more in pristine as compared to polluted areas. There are several f actors that mend mytilus growth in polluted areas.Graph polluted A (obtained from polluted A readings) research lab 6The threshold salinity levels were recorded for the individual age groups consisting of a variation of behavioural response to salinity fluctuations. Low levels of water salinity below the critical determine caused the isolating responses like resolution the mantle cavity, withdrawal of siphons closing the shell valves in Mytilus. Another factor noticed was that the age did not lure the sensitivity of mussels to low salinity elevated temperature. However the older mussels exhibited a polishedly overthrow critical salinity value after going through the fluctuations. The scope for mussel growth except under treatments of no algae high silt remained positive when carbon assimilation true, the rates of respiration voidance were balanced against energy intake. In estuarine systems, where the seston quality quantity is variable, makes the mussels living there evolve a feeding strategy involving minimal metabolic cost, at the same time maximizes energy assimilation while acquiring food from the environment.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A number of factors can blank out growth of mytilus in polluted areas. In polluted areas the change in mass of mytilus was much greater with slight variations of temperature. However, contrary to this the change in mass was negligible in pristine area. Several factors can hinder growth of mytilus on polluted surface. Pollutant in water and air can hinder their growth. Pollutants also destroy the food stuff and nutrients, hence, the mytilus species may find difficulty in getting well nourishment. Environmental variations have also deep affect on their growth.The blue mussels can subsist in air for 10 14 days at a varying temperature from 10 -20 degree C. even longer at lower temperatures. Like many other intertidal mollusc, M. edulis uses a complex behavioural physiological bio chemical mechanism to toler ate prolonged periods of air exposure extreme salinity changes or other un- favourable environmental conditions.Mussels that are smaller medium in size are not as predisposed to air exposure unlike large mussels, mainly because of higher absolute values of metabolic rate in the large mussels. In our experimental research, the size did not play a role in survival in air. The factors change from specie to specie, for example in some species of mussels the immunity increases the developmental age of the animal, and once it reaches the maximum level it may be possible that the process reverses. When blue mussels M. edulis were exposed to high concentrations of copper Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki to high concentrations of cadmium, the age factor did not influence the survival however the capacity to convalesce deteriorates with age.The physiological traits of food ingestion rate, carbon assimilation efficiency, and respiration excretion rates are integrated by the energy acc essible for growth, by supplying a prompt quantitative estimation of the energy status of the mussels. Conducting researched on this fact can provide taste into the growth process the influence of physiological activities. The Geukensia demissa or commonly known as the ribbed mussels can exert a profound influence on ecological processes of salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of North America.These mussel species are quite vulnerable to predators in the sub tidal area, since they have relatively thin shells however they are very much physiologically adapted to the extreme environment where they are exposed to 70% air of the tidal cycle, this exposure draws the mussels against some severe stress since they are unable to coif feeding, defecation other essential physiological functions due to limitation of time. The mussels favour a pristine environment overREFERENCESMytilus edulis Environmental Requirements (n.d.) UK marine special areas of conservation Accessed 4 celestial latitu de 2007 http//www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/communities/biogenic-reefs/br3_4.htmTyler-Walters, H., 2007. Mytilus edulis. parkland mussel. ocean Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-program 14 September 2007 Plymouth leatherneck Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Accessed 4 December 2007 http//www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Mytilusedulis.htmSukhotin, A.A. Lajus, D.L. Lesin P.A. (28 October 2002) Influence of age and size on pumping activity and stress resistance in the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis L Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Accessed 4 December 2007 284 129 144 http//www.elsevier.com/locate/jembeHuang, S. C. Newell, R.I.E. (5 February 2002) Seasonal variations in the rates of aquatic and aerial respiration and ammonium excretion of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Accessed 4 December 2007270 241 255 http//www.elsevier.com/locate/jembeEder1, E. B. Lewis, M. N. (2 8 April 2005) Proximate composition and energetic value of demersal and pelagic prey species from the SW Atlantic Ocean MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Accessed 4 December 2007Vol. 291 4352,Arifin, Zainal. Leah I. Bendell-Young (27 defect 2001) Cost of selective feeding by the blue mussel / Mytilus trossulus as measured by respiration and ammonia excretion rates Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Accessed 4 December 2007 260 259269 http//www.elsevier.nlrlocaterjembe

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Life Long Learning Sector Essay Example for Free

Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Life Long Learning Sector establishRole of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector This case study investigates the usage and responsibilities of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector. I am a piano and guitar initiate on a one to one basis, so I have my decl atomic number 18 views and methods on teaching. However, I thought it would be interesting to study how a teacher deals with a whole class, as contradictory to just one learner. Further to the research for the study, an discourse was conducted with Joe Bloggs, a teacher in School X. The interview examined a number of areas including cases and responsibilities, boundaries, promoting equality and diversity, safe and supportive learning environments, promoting appropriate conduct, legal and moral responsibilities, the ch eachenges and rewards of the intent and how Joe has had to adapt and respond to the ongoing changes in the lifelong learning sector. The first questi on covered what Joe considered to be his main responsibility as a teacher to engage and motivate young people in the subject of practice of medicine and learning in general. He uses a variety of methods to accomplish this.For example, practical sessions/role break away and getting everyone involved, as well as written assessments, presentations and various visual tasks to ensure all different types of learners are accounted for. This is effective when teaching music history /theory, however, when a student is learning to play an instrument, all these areas are covered naturally. Joe allows his pupils to make mis obligates, for example, if a pupil is playing a piece of music and they hit a wrong note, he will wait to see if they can identify that they were step up of tune first.This is another way of working on their aural skills. If they do not pick up on it he ensures the mistakes are addressed and provides help and advice to rectify the problem. Conjointly, we addressed the to pic of promoting equality and diversity. Joe feels potently about this and his approach is through delineation/music stimulation, with focus on a particular reference book or topic. Two popular examples of this are Forest Gump, where the main character has a disability and the film The Island which deals with race issues.Using this method has proven effective, as Joe has found through reflective discussions with the class by and by watching the film. One of the challenges that Joe has had to face during his time in the teaching profession is behaviour problems with the pupils. This covered a whole spectrum of issues such as disruptions, bad attitude, pupils refusing to complete tasks and even verbal abuse and physical threats. The methods in which Joe deals with this brings me onto the field of boundaries between the teacher and pupil.Along with legal boundaries, and following rules and regulations according to the Code of Conduct and info Protection Act physical boundaries are extremely important. When teaching/dealing with a pupil, he says place must be kept, however, he feels that in most cases, experience will enable brotherly and comprehendible relationships. If a matter was to arise that was out of his hands, it would be his duty to report it to the prepare safeguarding officer/counsellor. some other way in which he deals with this is to set a good example to the pupils, as ensuring appropriate behaviour is a major factor in maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Joe adopts a friendly and positive attitude towards his pupils, ensuring that he never raises his voice, yet be firm and serious where necessary. The aim of this is so that the pupils perception of their teacher is approachable, only at the same time they see their teacher as a figure of authority. Although this has proved quite demanding, the biggest challenge Joe has had to face is the ever-changing development in engineering science.He tried and true to continue h is teaching without it but this became increasingly difficult due to changes in assessment criteria and the demand of technology in general, particularly in music. Music has developed throughout the years, for example, we dont need to frame in music for ourselves these days. We can use music programs to do that for us, such as Garageband or Sibelius. Joe decided the except way to tackle this is to embrace it. This has helped a great deal with teaching and by doing this he has fur on that pointd his own education.The school that Joe teaches at has recently become an academy, so it is now more performing arts-orientated where as before, the school focused more on the academic side of things. This has forced him to take on a bigger work load and thus proved his capability to adapt and respond to changes quickly. Joes response to a lot of the questions portrays how education in music and generally has evolved with respect to time and the steps he has had to take in order to meet the r equirements of his role and adapt to the ongoing changes.When faced with the question regarding ethical responsibilities, he had some interesting techniques on how he engaged this topic with his pupils. Practice is an essential for learning an instrument, Joe motivates and encourages his pupils that incessant practice is the key to progression. He evaluates progress with tests covering all different types of learning such as aural, sight reading, written, and through practical tests. Both Joe and I have found that through music, it is easy to sort out the strengths and weaknesses of our pupils and how they best learn.For example, one person may be able to listen to a piece of music and play by ear, whereas the next pupil will not be able to do that, but will excel in reading the music. Joe understands it is important to acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each individual and sees that each pupil is facilitated for in order to help them achieve their full potential. Joe men tioned various internal and external points of referral, for example, the awarding bodies, and the honorary societys safeguarding officers/counsellors.It is evident that he has a strong passion for music as he gave up his career as a pilot in order to pursue his music career. In defiance of the challenges Joe has been faced with, his subtle, yet dynamic and enthusiastic approach helped him to overcome them. I found during my time with Joe, that although there are many generic rules, responsibilities and boundaries that all teachers/tutors have to adhere to, there are also those that are specific and subject to the area of study. It is imperative that these are recognised in order to achieve a finer understanding of the role of the teacher.

Metacognition Student Achievement Essay Example for Free

Metacognition Student Achievement demonstrateMetacognition has generally been described as gestateing virtually atomic number 53s own thoughts. The realization that a human macrocosm cannot exist in isolation of his inner self, that he is constantly probing that dkm of his very essence to evaluate situations and resolve the never-ending puzzles that daily confront him. Kornell (2009), has described metacognition as self-reflection and sure aw atomic number 18ness. An even more elaborate definition is that given by Serendip (2009). He defines it as a contemplative pit that helps unrivalled discern general patterns in ones own views and abilities. Whichever definition one feels comfortable with, it cannot be said to be superior to the different, because metacognition deals with the intangible and cannot be weighed on a scale. It has, however, been the stem of widespread query all over the world. Psychologists ar instanter asking themselves, what causes that tip of t he tongue experience, when you are sure you know someones name but cannot recall it? Or what is at encounter when one conveys a feeling of un trus twainrthyty? Why is it that humans are able to go certain cognitive abilities that animals apparently do not have?For example, if asked what year America gained independence, one may pronto recall with certainty, or one may say with complete uncertainty that he does not know. The solvent may too lie in reckonween, showing a certain degree of uncertainty by replying, for example, I think it was 1776. Whatever answer one gives, it demonstrates an ability to drumhead ones fund and experience. accord to studies that have been done, this ability can be improved. Thus, the science of metacognition is now rampant, with studies creation carried out on the cognitive abilities of monkeys, children, students, and ways in which they can be improved.Metacognition 2 One study which was carried out to rise the cognitive abilities of rhesus mon keys, was that conducted by Kornell, Son provide (2007). In this trial, the monkeys were initially trained to select a given picture from a exemplar of hexad pictures by touching the image on a touch-screen monitor. After this raising period, they were shown six sample pictures which were then simultaneously removed and re blotd with nine, one of the previous six being among them.As in brief as they selected the sample they thought was among the previous six, they were undeniable to bet on their choice by depressing an icon on the screen for certainty, with a reward of redeemable feed tokens, or loss of tokens, if wrong. A further icon for a low risk bet was also at that place. After carrying out this experiment for a suitable period of time, they concluded that the monkeys would invariably only bet when they were sure that they knew the correct answer. The researchers were therefore of the opinion that the monkeys were guided by a cognitive ability.They also tried and tr ue two monkeys on metacognitive secure. This is the ability to use metacognitive ability to influence behavior. An example would be requesting for a lead-in when one is unsure of an answer, a common trait with humans. In this trial, two monkeys were presented with a few sample pictures to place in a certain order. They were also availed of onscreen visual hints if they needed. The penalty for exploitation the hints was a little appetizing banana flavored pellet, instead of the more attractive MM candy.As the test progressed, it became apparent that the monkeys were using the hints less and less, and would only resort to them when they were sure that they did not know the right answer. This ability to have date over ones metacognitive ability had been tested on humans for many years, and it was only now that it was becoming clear that it was also present in animals. However, how rife this is among them, cannot be clear and it cannot be generalized from this study that only inv olved rhesus monkeys.Metacognition 3 Smith Washbum (2005) have taken animal research a notch high and carried out trials that probe the memory, referred to as monitoring the memory. In the test, animals which were given miscellaneous tasks to do based on what they had done before, declined to engage in the more difficult tasks, a proceeds that was the same as similar tests carried out on humans. The animals were selective and seemed to have the same analogous capacitor as human. There was no doubt that they were using their metacognitive abilities to look to in their memories, and when they remembered that the task was arduous, they declined to take the test.Kornell Terrace (2007) also carried out some trials seeking to find out if monkeys benefited from learning. They did this with two rhesus monkeys which were given two fuss sets to solve. In one difficult set, they were given hints to assist them after a suitable training period. In the other set, they were given no hints . The number of hints they used to solve the problem set steady declined over time, the performance, however, did not change, it stayed the same. The monkeys were solving the problem with skills they had acquired from the hints and were using them less and less because they had learned.This is fascinating and opens up very interesting questions about the training of animals. There are other areas of animal metacognitive behavior which have been studied. Hampton, R (2009), carried out studies on rhesus monkeys to determine if they do decisions when they had information, or sought information when beastly and straightaway made a decision. The results were quite revealing. They carried out two sets of tests. In one test, the monkeys witnessed food being inserted into some opaque test tubes. These tests were referred to as the seen trials.In the other test, the food was inserted into test tubes without their friendship. Metacognition 4 The monkeys were then required to identify the tubes which had food in them. In trial after trial, they would first look mint the tubes to ascertain if the food was there and if it was, they selected the tube. What was evident from these tests is that the monkeys sought information first, by peering down the tubes, when ignorant, and only immediately selected the correct tubes without investigating, when they knew the food was there.That means they knew when they knew and only sought information when they knew that they did not know. This is a characteristic which is prevalent among human children, orangutans and rhesus monkeys. It is, however, not clear with capuchin monkeys when they were exposed to a similar trial about a decade before. There is room for more research on animals. According to Smith Washbum, a caboodle needs to be studyd regarding the gifts different animals have. For example, monkeys and dolphins seem to exhibit more cognitive abilities than pigeons, whose reactions appear to be more stimulus based.Furthe r research in this area can yield very in-chief(postnominal) information which may stimulate a whole spectrum of research into cognitive abilities of different animal specie. Additionally, there is a lot of room into studies on the ability or lack of ability of animals to make denary judgements, for example, their mood. Metacognitive abilities is also a subject of importance in developing learning capabilities for children. Loh, A (2009), has made suggestions on methods to use to improve metacognition learning for children as early as two year olds.Since parents spend the intimately amount time with children of this age, they are better(p) placed to practice the techniques recommended by Loh. He says that children should be further to think about their thinking process in order to develop their intellect and intelligence. Children should be engaged, soon after an activity, to gauge their Metacognition 5 thinking process and the techniques they used for a task. Immediately afte r this activity, they should be asked certain questions, for example 1. They should be asked about the process they used to achieve the result. This way, they impart recall the step and learn the process.2. What strategies did they use? This will engage them actively in the thinking process by root system to adopt strategic thinking of alternative techniques they can use to achieve better results. 3. What do they think about the end result? Is it good or bad? This will help them to evaluate their fiddle. 4. press them puzzling tasks that have more than one solution. This exposes them to cognitive conflicts 5. Engage them in debates and discussions with other children 6. Allow them to practice reciprocal teaching where they form mathematical groups and one child teaches members of his group. 7.Once they engage on a task, accord them to continue undisturbed. Help them with clues if they induce stuck. Further, they can be assisted with questions that will incline them to prob e their fountainhead even more, for example, what they learned from the task and what they found difficult. Additionally, they can be probed to find out if they have a next goal and what will help them to achieve it. Metacognition 6 There has been more research in the field of metacognitive abilities of children. Young childrens understanding of mental life, or theory of mind, is an area that is before long being explored by various scientists.According to science daily (2008), a new study had made a link between theory of mind as assessed in kindergarten children and their metacognitive abilities in elementary prepare. betimes theory of mind competencies positively influenced metacognitive abilities acquired later. 174 children between the ages of three and quadruple were used as study subjects to investigate this relationship. Wolfgang Schneider, P. H. D. , of the University of Wurzburg, who carried out the trial, said that companionship from this research can be used to dev elop training programs for young children.For all the progress that has been done on metacognition in animals and children, none can rival that of learners. The Elementary Teachers fusion of Ontario (2009), says that students with metacognitive needs have difficulties in conniption priorities and planning their tasks. Additionally 1. They are poor at strategizing in order to accomplish a task methodically 2. They procrastinate and are unable to start their work. 3. They are inattentive and make careless mistakes. 4. They are not able to identify their faults or know how to seek help. With these type of students they recommend the following teaching strategies 1. Teachers should tutor them on how to plan and show them the scoring rubric for the assignment. 2. They should be taught on estimation of time needed to complete a task. 3. They should be assisted with think-aloud strategies. Metacognition 7 4. They should be cajoled to get engaged actively in their work by asking them how they are doing the work and how they will remember to solve the problem. 5. Teachers should be specific in their assignments to students by providing scoring rubrics for each question and how they have been calculated. However, Pierce (2004), dealt even deeper in metacognition for students.He was of the opinion that study strategies were generalized and teachers did not teach them in class. They assumed that students had already learned them. When they taught a strategy, students used the same strategy taught for all subjects. According to him, students needed to acquire three types of knowledge in order to improve their metacognitive abilities. These are 1. Declarative knowledge which is having at their grasp factual information, for example, speed is distance divided by time taken. 2. Procedural knowledge which is knowing how to do something.Using the previous example of speed, they should know the formula for speed and the steps required in its calculation. 3. Conditional knowl edge This is knowing when to use a certain procedure and why one strategy is better than another. In applying the three types of knowledge for study strategies for example, students need declarative knowledge to know that a high school history textbook is different from an article analyzing the same textbook. They need adjectival knowledge to take notes from such a textbook and conditional knowledge to know when such notes should be taken.According to Pierce, study techniques improve learning but are hardly ever taught. Additionally, many students do not internalize success as caused by ability and effort. Metacognition 8 Lippman, Danielsson Linder (2005), differed slightly with some researchers of metacognition. They claimed that nigh studies taught metacognitive skills and then measured the effects of training. Instead, they should quantify the use of metacognition. In a study that they carried out at an American university, their aim was to find out how much metacognition is used in a laboratory and how the apparatus encourages the use of metacognition.Three groups of students were used and their proceedings videotaped and their verbal comments recorded. In one group, students were given a set of instructions to follow. The same was done for the second group and in addition, they were expected to explain their reason. The third group was given a question to answer and expected to explain, in a presentation, the method they had used to get results. In analyzing the results, Lippman et al (2005) saw no difference in the amount of metacognition in the different groups.However, the virtually important finding was that there was a difference in how metacognition made students change their behavior in tackling the lab assignments. For example, in the third group, the verbal exchanges revealed that the use of metacognition made the students more creative. This was a different blast as was the one used by Mevarech Kramarski (2003). In this study, 100 eighth graders, studying algebra in four classrooms, were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to conjunct learning and also given metacognitive training. The other group was given cooperative learning but without metacognitive training.At issue was mathematical modeling and problem solving skills. After tasks to perform were given, the results showed that the group which had been given metacognitive training did outperformed the other that only had a cooperative setting. There was significant difference with the two groups with regard to planning, processing and reflection. They concluded that the cooperative Metacognition 9 setting is not enough to enhance modeling skills. Metacognitive skills are important in how to onrush a problem, how to control and monitor the solution and how to reflect on the final answer.As a result of such studies, Mevarech Kramarski (2003) intentional the learning tool called IMPROVE, whose letters stand for Introducing the new material Metacogn itive questioning Practicing Reviewing Obtaining mastery on higher and lower cognitive processes Verification Enrichment and remedial The important thing in IMPROVE is the approach in problem solving. Students are able to approach a scenario with a systematic method which first and first of all addresses the question of what is the issue at hand. They then investigate to find out how different the problem is from others and what the best strategies are to solve it.As can be seen from all the studies mentioned, metacognition is an area of development that has a lot of room for growth. Animals which have been shown to have metacognitive abilities can be researched further in order to discover if this is something widespread within the animal kingdom, and if not, then what actually determines metacognition of a species. With children too, the theory of the mind is interesting and further studies should be carried out to determine if there are other areas of their lives that can benef it from improved research on Metacognition 10 metacognition.For example, are high levels of metacognition genetic? Does diet affect levels of metacognition? What role does disease play in metacognition? It would also be interesting to see new research in the study techniques of students. More than anyone else, their place in society is critical because they take over reins in business, government and the civil society within only a few years after leaving college. Their overall performance in school is therefore a top priority. Of serious concern should be when study techniques should begin to be taught and how they would be standardized.Additionally, quantifying the use of metacognition as advocated for by Lippman (2005), needs to generate more study. If his research is anything to go by, then the approach to metacognition training must also address, not just the amount of metacognition ability gained, but also how it is channeled to copious use. This is an area that can prove ver y challenging and rewarding because teaching metacognition techniques is one thing, but being able to teach the type of techniques that can produce quantifiable measures cannot be easy.However, it is possible that the same metacognition graduates will discover new methods and strategies to impart more abilities in metacognition. Metacognition 11 References Elementary Teachers Federation of Ontario (2009). Metacognitive Skills. Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http//www. etfo. ca/Multimedia/Webcasts/SpecialEducation/Pages/Metacognitive%20Skills. aspx Hampton, R (2009). Multiple demonstrations of metacognition in nonhumans Converging evidence or multiple mechanisms? Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http//psyc. queensu. ca/ccbr/Vol4/Hampton.pdf. Kornell, Nate (2009, February). Metacognition in Humans and Animals.Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http//www3. interscience. wiley. com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122212734/HTMLSTART Lippmann, K. , Danielsson, A. Linder, C. (2005, August). Metacognition in the student Laboratory Is increased metacognition necessarily better? Retrieved July 29, 2009 from http//www. anst. uu. se/rekun676/meta. pdf Loh, A (2009, July). Using Metacognition Learning to Make Children Smarter. Retrieved on July 29, 209 from http//www. brainy-child. com/articles/metacognition-learning.shtml Mevarech Z. Kramarski, B. ( 2003).Mathematical Modeling and Meta-cognitive Instruction. Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http//www. icme-organisers. dk/tsg18/S32MevarechKramarski. pdf Metacognition 12 Mevarech, Z. Kramarski, B. (2003). Metacognitive sceptical and the use of Worked Examples. Retrieved July 29, 2009 from http//www. memory-key. com/StudySkills/IMPROVE. htm Peirce, W (2004, November). METACOGNITION Study Strategies, Monitoring, and Motivation. Retrieved on July 29, 2009, from http//academic. pgcc. edu/wpeirce/MCCCTR/metacognition.htm ScienceDaily (2008, August). Young Childrens Theory Of Mind Linked To Subsequent Metacognitive maturation In Adolescence. Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http//www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/08/080814154429. htm Serendip (2009). Metacognition. Retrieved July 29, 2009 from http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/exchange/wfrankli/ii09/metacognition Smith, D Washbum, D. (2005, February). Uncertainty Monitoring and Metacognition by Animals. Retrieved July 29, 2009 from http//www3. interscience. wiley. com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118706297/HTMLSTART

How to Teach Something Essay Example for Free

How to pick up Something EssayDuring the week I taught my father how to suffer rock band he learn how to play the drums on easy and medium level. It was fun teaching him he caught on easily and he got a sincerely high scores and it was a great experience. I taught this attainment to my dad because its something that my pocket-sized sister and I like to do and it would be fun to do together. I also taught this skill because my dad and I dont do a galvanic pile of things together and this would just be another great thing to do together I chose my dad because he likes learning reinvigorated things. He also likes have fun So I thought this skill would make him really happy. He also wanted to learn how to play this patch but we never had it and then I got it for Christmas. So I asked him if he still wanted to learn how to play it and he said yes. later I asked him he was so excited. It was really niminy-piminy to see him happy.At the beginning of the lesson, things started off nice we both got a little frustrated at another but after the first game he started getting the hang of it and kind of started to get the concept. He really enjoyed the first game. And we had a lot of laughs. But then we got on the real levels and it started to confuse him a little. But after ten transactions I explained it a little more(prenominal) and he got it. In the middle of the lesson, my father was on a roll and I kept on switching the song because each song could be a little more difficult. And it was hard for at some points and then we took it a little slower and he started to get the hang of it more and more each time it It was awesome to see how good he was getting.After the lesson was over, my dad learned how to play like an expert On medium and easy level I had such a great time teaching my dad and in the end its going towards great use because now I can do a lot more things with him at hope. In the end of everything seeing my dad really happy with his accomplis hment and seeing that he wanted to learn to be with me more was the icing on the cake

Thinking Styles and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Thinking Styles and Decision fashioning EssayLevels of persuasion differed from mavin person to an opposite. Each idea style is influenced by our mainstream society, how we think and turn perception on the material things happening in the surroundings. There are a lot of persuasion styles that came into being since the time of old ancestors to the recent modern developers of our age. There are twenty six thinking styles that was developed but we will concentrate our discussion on the three sub-divided types namely the Sensory focus, populate focus, and Task focus. Other thinking styles are used in psychological workshops and research such as analyst thinking style, realist thinking style, idealist, synthesist, pragmatist and spiritually-guided thinking style (An Introduction to Thinking Styles,). In 1995, original conceit for the thinking styles was formulated by Fiona Beddoes-Jones to enhance professional and personal outgrowth (Thinking Styles,). Thinking styles can ove rhaul in dealing with unlike types of hassles in the workplace, academe, family and alliances.The Three Different Thinking Styles Before we proceed it is obligatory to define the three levels of thinking styles. Sensory centralise examines things by receiving information through the senses and used the senses to embrace actual events. It is manifested in the visual, auditory, kinaesthetic and digital thinking. Watching, observing and looking pictures, diagrams, and visual imagery are the mere(a) focuss of expressing visual thinking while auditory requires the use of words and language, listening and conversing things. Kinaesthetic thinking is expressed through feelings, intuition, emotions, and physical movement and exercise as digital thinking entails the use of data, facts and statistics and the tip of data rationality.On the former(a) hand, People Focus is how flock perceived to relate with other pot on their direct environment. It is focused on different levels of thin king such as internal and foreign thinking, self-referenced, altruistic, conforming, challenging, collaborative and competitive thinking. Internal thinking depends on own judgments and decisions and only consider self-knowledge as flop and disregards feedback from other people. Some other people tend to dislike their own ideas and are not self-assured to explore many possible views and usually rely on other people or groups of people to give feedback on certain issues and problems.These people are external thinkers. Moreover, self referenced thinking is an access code of putting their own needs first and disregards the needs of others. In contrast, altruistic thinking involves responding to the needs of others and is uncoerced to extend their help to other people. Conforming thinkers tends to keep away from confrontations and will certainly take a non-challenging methods, in contrast to challenging thinkers who definitely wanted to take confrontations, debates and experiments.C ompetitive thinkers would like to aspire for competitions and wants to turn over victory from their own performance. Persons who wanted duties defined and little-oriented are Task Focus thinkers. They are conscious of the lucubrate especially in workplace where information is being transmitted through detailed facts and information. The Task Focus thinkers are strategic, creative, logical, options, procedural, towards, troubleshooting, proactive, reactive, simplicity, complexity, sameness, and different thinkers (Ltd., 2005).These thinking styles are distinct from each other but may sometimes closely connected together. Different patterns of these styles are being used as understanding and communicating with other people in surviving the daily response to work and life system. The amount of understanding different types of problems requires thinking styles that may influence critical thinking process. Such mentioned types of styles are good considerations in problem closure and decision making process. Sensory thinking style can help improve relationship with other people in the workplace, school, organizations, friends, and even families.Non-verbal communication somehow helps in understanding different personalities and the way you can approach them when facing a contradiction. Senses can transmit information and analyze things just by looking, observing, listening, feeling, intuitions, and physical movements. By looking at a critical situation using this kind of style, one can already define and identify the drawbacks. Most persons who dont want confrontations tends to choose sensory(prenominal) focus in delivering and receiving information towards a given situation or crisis within a workplace. eyepatch others opted to choose interaction and personal touch to listen and confront problems this is somehow difficult in relating to contradictions with other people.However, it is very payoffive in or so groups of people who are open-minded and problems c an be resolved instantaneously. Alternatively, task focus is a better way of coping up things since it is focused on goals and targets, detailed information, possibilities and alternatives in solving problems. These type of styles are distinct to each other and generally have an effect on critical thinking process and can possibly help the outcome of the decision making process. The positive upshot makes life more constructive by knowing which style you are most confident and at ease or difficult to cope up with in acknowledging, appreciating, expressing or solving things and difficulties. It brings people together and means more efficiency in duties, constancy in having good health, development of self-being, and gaining more friends and social groups.ReferenceAn Introduction to Thinking Styles Electronic Version. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http//www.earthtym.net/s-general.html.Ltd., T. C. F. C. (2005). Thnking Styles Electronic Version. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http//www.cons ultingtools.com/media/thinkingstyles.pdf.Thinking Styles Electronic Version. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from http//www.cognitivefitness.co.uk/.