psychology and learning Essay -- essays research papers

in that location are m any(prenominal) dissimilar kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People freighter adjust the way they learn to the contrasting situations in which they are knowledge and what they have to learn. One form of knowledge is known as instruct. condition emphasises the relationship between stimuli and rejoinders. The deuce types of condition found are chaste conditioning and Operant conditioning. larn may occur in different ways. Psychologists have distinguished between different types of learning, these being Observational learn and Insight Learning.Classical conditioning refers to a simple form of learning, which occurs d hotshot the repeated joining of two or more different stimuli. Learning is only said to have occurred once a particular stimulus always produces a retort which it did not previously produce. Classical conditioning involves an un knowledgeable stimulus and an un well-educated response, as well as a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus, which consistently produces a naturally occurring, automatic response. The unconditioned response is a instinctive reflexive and involuntary response, which occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that is neutral at the beginning of the conditioning growth and does not produce the unconditioned response. moreover through repeated association with the conditioned stimulus, triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response that is brought forth by the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response occurs after the conditioned stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is when a person walks past a certain house severally day and every time is attacked by a large dog. They consequently associate that house with the dog and avoid walking past thither again . In this example the unconditioned stimulus is the dog, the unconditioned response is fear, the conditioned stimulus is the house, and the conditioned response is avoidance of the house.Operant conditioning is the learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behavior occurring is stubborn by the consequences of that behavior. It is based on the assumption that a person or animal will tend to re... ...ng it long enough to turn the banana. after(prenominal) legion(predicate) futile attempts to stumble the banana with his hands, the Chimp then try other solutions, which included using severally stick independently to reach the banana. Failing once again the chimp sat down with the two sticks in his hands, appearing as though he had given up. But then, seeing that both sticks could be put together to make one long stick ( sixth senseful experience), the Chimpanzee placed the small stick a little way inside of the larger one and was able to reach the banana and pull it toward himself. There are many differences and similarities between each of these learning processes. For example, classical conditioning involves only involuntary or reflex responses where as operant conditioning involves both involuntary and voluntary reflexes. These different learning processes can be used independently in many different situations. Where Classical conditioning may be more potent in one situation it may be useless in another. For this reason each of these learning processes, Classical and operant conditioning, and observational and insight learning are each as important and effective as the other.